ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Asarum insigne Diels and develop a sensitive, accurate, and efficient ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UFLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous quantification of five compounds. METHODS: Chromatographic separation was performed on a Shimadzu shim-pack XR-ODS III column(2.0 mm×75 mm,1.6 μm). The mobile phase was composed of 0.1% aqueous formic acid and methanol and the flow rate was 0.2 mL•min-1. Using the established method, all components could be easily separated within 14 min. All components were detected in multiple reaction monitor mode after positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. RESULTS: The method was validated, and had good precision, linearity, lower limit of detection, lower limit of quantification, recovery, and stability. This method was used to determine and compare the contents of five components in different medicinal parts of 11 samples, and the contents of 3,4,5-trimethoxytoluene, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene, methyleugenol in different medicinal parts of Asarum insigne were reported for the first time, which (in ng•mg-1) were as follows: 3,4,5-trimethoxytoluene: 1.5-16.71; 3,5-dimethoxytoluene: 28.59-177.20; methyleugenol: 2.46-22.48; AL-I: 46.39-324.04; 7-OCH3-AL-IV: 12.95-251.04. The content of 7-OCH3-AL-IV and total contents of two aristololactams in roots were lower than those in leaves or flower parts, and the contents of AL-I in flowers (171.9-324.0 ng•mg-1) were higher than those in roots (78.44-124.56 ng•mg-1). For methyleugenol, the contents in roots were lower than those in the other parts. CONCLUSION: It is recommended to remove the leaves, flowers, and rhizomes when using Asarum insigne and use it with extreme caution. The UFLC-MS/MS method established in this study can provide guidance for the quality evaluation and safe clinical use of traditional Chinese medicine derived from Asarum insigne.
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Objective To perform qualitative and quantitative analysis on the volatile components in roots, rhizomes, leaves, and flowers of Asari Radix et Rhizoma derived from Asarum insigne. Methods The volatile components were analyzed by HS-GC-MS, and the relative percentage content of each component was calculated with peak area normalization method. Results There were 58 components separated from four parts of A. insigne, including 27 common components in different parts. The principal constituents was trans-β-farnesene, safrole, and asaricin. Their contents were different in four parts. Especially the contents of safrole in rhizomes, leaves, and flowers were up to 34%, 22%, and 21%; The safrole in rhizomes was over twice higher than that in roots (12%). Because safrole was extremely poisonous, the rhizomes, leaves, and flowers should be used carefully. Conclusion The volatile components in A. insigne can be detected by HS-GC-MS simply and quickly. The research can be helpful for development and quality evaluation of A. insigne.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of Shui medicine Asarum insigne polysaccharide on glycolipid metabolism,renal function and oxidative stress in rats with experimental type 2 diabetes,and provide reference for its development and use. METH-ODS:60 SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group,model control group,positive control group (Irbesartan tab-lets,0.02 g/kg) and A. insigne polysaccharide low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose groups (calculated by crude drug as 2,4,8 g/kg),10 in each group. Except for normal control group,rats in other groups were intraperitoneally injected streptozotocin 75 mg/(kg·d)to induce model with diabetes. After modeling,rats in each administration group were intraperitoneally injected relevant medicines,and rats in normal control group and model control group were intragastrically administrated 5% carboxymet hylcellu-lose sodium solution,twice a day,for 42 d. After administration,UV spectrophotometer was used to detect the glycogen content in liver tissue. Automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect 24 h urine output,24 h urinary protein content of rats,levels of tri-glyceride (TG),cholesterol (TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), creatinine (Cr),urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum,and levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(ROS),malondialdehyde(MDA)in kidney tissue. RESULTS:Compared with normal con-trol group,glycogen content in liver tissue of rats in model control group was decreased(P<0.05);24 h urine output and 24 h uri-nary protein content were increased(P<0.05);levels of TG,TC,LDL-C in serum were increased(P<0.05),and HDL-C level was decreased (P<0.05);levels of SOD,CAT,GSH-Px in kidney tissue were decreased (P<0.05),and levels of ROS,MDA were increased(P<0.05). Compared with model group,except that there were no significant differences in the improvement of uri-nary protein content,HDL-C level in serum,24 h urine out-put in A. insigne polysaccharide low-dose group,above-men-tioned indexes in each administration group were obviously im-proved (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:A. insigne polysaccha-ride can regulate lipid metabolic disorders,and improve renal function and antioxidant capacity of rats.
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Objective To study the dynamic change of polysaccharide from Asarum insigne in Guizhou during different harvest period and its hemostatic effect. Methods Asarum insigne polysaccharide was extracted by water isolation and alcohol precipitation. We measured the polysaccharide content by UV spectrophotometry after impurity and purification and detected the bleeding and clotting time by tail cutting and slide methods in mice. Results There was significant variation in polysaccharide content of Asarum insigne at different harvest time, which was at a higher level in June(1. 78%-1. 82%). The bleeding time in mice of normal control group was (6. 73±1. 21) min,and that in mice treated with refined polysaccharide at high dose was (4. 91±1. 58) min,the difference between two groups was statistically significant(P<0. 01). The clotting time in mice of normal control group was (7. 27±2. 09) min,and that in the refined polysaccharide at middle and high dose groups was (3. 96±1. 78) min and (3. 27±1. 61) min,respectively. The latter two groups were obviously different from the normal control group(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Conclusion The polysaccharide is an active hemostatic substance in Asarum insigne and the optimum harvest time of it is in June for the clinical use.